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Haryana, Indian State

Haryana is a land blessed with greenery. The greenery of the place charms and enchants you. The morning sun spreads its rays over the beautiful green paddy fields. It appears that the sun is in love with the greenery of the place. The state of Haryana is blessed with the blue waters of Yamuna. Haryana is described as the grainery of the nation. It is also described as the abode of gods. Haryana is a place where Gods come alive. Haryana is a place that enchants every tourist.

Origin of name of Haryana
The meaning if the word Haryana means land covered with greenery. The other meaning of Haryana (Hari-Aana) is where God comes. Some people are of the view that it is another form of the word Aryana, or Aryan.

History of Haryana
Haryana was part of the state of Punjab for a long time. Many settlemants dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization have been found along this river bed, at Naurangabad and Mittathal. The Vedic civilization also flourished on the banks of the Saraswati, and the hymns of Rigveda were composed here. Evidence from Hindu texts shows that the boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the state of Haryana. Mahabharata mentions Haryana as Bahudhhanyaka which means `land of plentiful grains` and Bahudhana, `land of immense riches`. Several places mentioned in Mahabharata correspond to the modern day cities in Haryana. It issaid that for 18 days the armies from all over India battled in the plains of Kurukshetra to decide who sits on the throne of Hastinapura. Maharaja Agrasen established a flourishing city near modern Hisar.

During the Medival periods, i.e. in the 7th century AD, king Harshavardhana established his capital at Thanesar near Kurukshetra. After his death the region was invaded by the rulers from the northwest. In the 12th century, Prithviraj Chauhan established a fort at Hansi. In the Second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori conquered this area. The earliest reference to `Hariana` occurs in a Sanskrit inscription dated 1328 in which the region is reffered to as The heaven on earth. In 1354, Firoz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisr. The three famous battles of Panipat took place near town of Panipat. Ion 1526, the first battle took pace, where Babur, the ruler of Kabul defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate. This battle marked the beginning of the Mughal empire in India. In the second battle of Panipat in November 5, 1556 Akbar `s general Bairam Khan conquered Hemu, and paved the way for Akbar`s reign. The third battle of Panipat marked the end of the Maratha empire in India. During the British rule, most of Haryana formed part of the Punjab province. On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out of Punjab.

Geography of Haryana
Haryana is embraced by Uttar Pradesh in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the south. Delhi protrudes into Haryana and is encompassed by it on three sides. The Shivalik hills in the north, River Yamuna in the east and river Ghaggar in the west form the natural boundaries of Haryana. There are numerous irrigation canals that cross the state, bringing water for irrigation from the perennial rivers of the Himalayas. The land is generally flat, covered with loamy soil and very suitable for agriculture.The important rivers are Yamuna, the Saraswati and the Ghaggar. The river Saraswati begins in the large depression at
Kalawar.

The climate of Haryana is continental. The three seasons are summer, winter and rainy season. Summers are very hot and winters are cold. Rainfall is low and erratic and is unevenly distributed. Monsoon winds bring adequate rainfall between July and September.

Government and politics of Harayna
Bhupinder Singh Hooda is presently the Chief Minister of Haryana. The major political parties of Harayna are INC, INLD, BJP , CPI , CPI (ML)(L), RLD

Districts of Haryana

Festivals of Haryana

Folk Dances of Haryana

Haryana Museums

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